This implementation research study aims to strengthen infection prevention and control (IPC) practices in acute healthcare facilities in Malawi. Healthcare-associated infections remain a major challenge in resource-constrained settings, driven by systemic, behavioural, and infrastructural factors.

The study applies a mixed-methods and participatory approach to understand barriers and facilitators to IPC and to co-develop and evaluate contextually appropriate interventions. Drawing on the concept of the hospital as a community, the research works with people across the health system to embed sustainable improvements in routine practice, including hand hygiene, aseptic techniques, and IPC governance. The study generates evidence on how to implement and sustain IPC interventions in real-world settings, contributing to improved quality of care and reduced infection risk. This study (2022–2026) is funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR).